Chewing gum is a popular habit, usually associated with fresh breath and better concentration. But recent research by the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) shows that with each piece of gum chewed, you could unknowingly be ingesting thousands of tiny plastic pieces. These microplastics can impact your nervous system.
“Contrary to the original gum based on tree sap, modern gum base is virtually plastic. Most chewing gums today have synthetic polymers such as polyethylene and polyvinyl acetate, substances used often in plastic bags and glues. As you chew, friction and saliva slowly decompose the surface of the gum, sending thousands of tiny plastic particles into your mouth. These particles mix with saliva and are either swallowed or absorbed by the body,” says Dr Aditya Gupta, Director, Neurosurgery & Cyberknife, Artemis Hospital, Gurugram.
Even though studies on microplastics in gum are few at this point, studies of other sources of microplastic exposure indicate that brain health may be at risk. Microplastic particles have been known to breach biological barriers like the lining of the gut and, in some instances, even the blood-brain barrier. This is serious business in terms of what they might do to the nervous system.
Why is the study of concern?
The study, which is currently under peer review, has found that 100 microplastics were released by every gram of gum. Some products released up to 600 microplastics per gram. So if the piece of gum is of a bigger size, it could release more than 1,000 microplastics into our mouths, which we would swallow. Hence the concern.
How do microplastics impact brain health?
Microplastics have the potential to cause an immune reaction in the body, resulting in long-term inflammation. Brain inflammation has been associated with neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s. Exposure to microplastics can also raise oxidative stress, a process that harms nerve cells and speeds up brain ageing. This can, over time, impair mental functions and trigger neurological disorders.
Some plastic pieces are endocrine disruptors, interfering with brain-function-regulating hormones. This may influence mood, cognition and even memory. Although the long-term consequence of microplastics from gum is not well known, repeated exposure from many sources does impact brain health.
How damaging is long-term exposure to microplastics?
The nervous system is very sensitive to toxins. Studies in animals indicate that exposure to microplastics can affect learning, memory and motor skills. Although human research continues to progress, it is important to be mindful of possible hazards, particularly for those who chew gum frequently.
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While additional research is required to identify the full range of risks, cutting back on plastic-based chewing gum use might be a good idea.
What about gum alternatives?
Switching to natural gum products produced from chicle, a plant resin, can reduce exposure to microplastics. But they should not be processed. Eating a diet that includes high levels of antioxidants can also offset oxidative stress due to exposure to environmental toxins.
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