Daijiworld Media Network – Mumbai
Mumbai, Dec 23: For decades, the appendix has been dismissed as a useless organ — a leftover from human evolution with no real function. Often joked about as a “biological mistake,” this small, finger-like pouch attached to the large intestine usually grabs attention only when it becomes inflamed.
However, recent scientific studies suggest that the appendix may be far more important than previously believed, particularly when it comes to gut health and immunity.
The appendix, also known as the vermiform appendix, is a narrow, worm-shaped structure measuring about 3 to 4 inches in length. It is located in the lower right abdomen, attached to the cecum — the first part of the large intestine.
Although it does not play a direct role in digestion or nutrient absorption, researchers now believe its function is more subtle and supportive.
Earlier theories labelled the appendix as a vestigial organ — a remnant from ancestors who consumed plant-heavy diets. Even Charles Darwin believed it had little purpose in modern humans.
Modern research, however, paints a different picture. Scientists have found that the appendix may act as a “safe house” for beneficial gut bacteria. During severe infections or bouts of diarrhoea that wipe out healthy bacteria from the intestines, the appendix helps repopulate the gut with good microbes.
In essence, it works like a backup system that helps restore digestive balance after illness.
The appendix contains lymphoid tissue, which produces immune cells. It forms part of the gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT), an important component of the body’s immune defence system. This allows it to help the body recognise and fight harmful pathogens entering through the digestive tract.
Some animals, especially herbivores like rabbits and rodents, have much larger appendices that aid in digesting fibrous plant material. Humans have a much smaller appendix, suggesting its role has evolved more towards immune support rather than digestion.
Yes. Many people live perfectly healthy lives after having their appendix removed. However, studies indicate that individuals without an appendix may take longer to restore healthy gut bacteria after
Appendicitis occurs when the appendix becomes inflamed, usually due to a blockage caused by hardened stool, swelling of lymph nodes, or bacterial overgrowth. If untreated, it can rupture, leading to life-threatening complications.
• Sudden pain in the lower right abdomen
• Nausea and vomiting
• Loss of appetite
• Fever and chills
• Constipation or diarrhoea
Appendicitis is a medical emergency and typically requires surgical removal of the appendix, known as an appendectomy.
Appendicitis most commonly affects people between the ages of 10 and 30. Genetics, gut health and infections may play a role, though it is difficult to predict who will develop the condition.
Most people recover fully within a few weeks after surgery. Long-term effects are minimal, and digestion remains largely unaffected. While some researchers suggest subtle immune changes over time, there is no strong evidence of major health consequences.
There is no guaranteed way to prevent appendicitis, but maintaining good gut health may help reduce risk:
• Eat a fibre-rich diet with fruits, vegetables and whole grains
• Stay hydrated and physically active
• Include probiotic foods like curd or yoghurt
• Seek medical help early for persistent abdominal pain
• The appendix is useless: False — it supports gut health and immunity
• Everyone gets appendicitis: False — many never experience it
• Removing the appendix weakens immunity: Only slightly, and usually without noticeable impact
Once considered irrelevant, the appendix is now recognised as a small but meaningful contributor to digestive and immune health. While it may not be essential for survival, it plays a quiet supporting role — proving that even the most overlooked parts of the human body can have a purpose.