Restricting daily calorie intake increases risk of depression in men and overweight individuals

view original post

New Delhi: Restricting daily calorie intake could increase the risk of depressive symptoms in people, according to a research published in BMJ Nutrition Prevention & Health. The research specifically identifies that men and overweight individuals might encounter more significant mental health difficulties when following diet restrictions.Healthcare professionals explain that low-calorie diets are systematic eating regimens aimed at reducing daily calorie consumption mainly to manage body weight. These programmes typically recommend consuming 1,200-1,500 calories daily, based on personal requirements and health objectives. The diet focuses on lean proteins, whole grains, fruits, vegetables, and low-fat dairy products, while limiting processed foods.The US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) evaluated 14,329 adult women and 14,196 men between 2007 and 2018 and completed depression severity assessments. Approximately 8% (2,508 respondents) reported depression symptoms. The participants comprised 29% (7,995) at a healthy weight, 33% (9,470) classified as overweight and 38% (11,060) as obese.Priya Paliwal, chief dietician, Sri Balaji Action Medical Institute, said that several studies highlighted the negative effects of strict calorie restriction. Excessive dietary constraint disturbs the neurotransmitter balance and hormone levels, especially in males. Apart from men, individuals with higher BMI are at greater risk as a low-calorie diet can leads to stress, irritability, feelings of sadness and other mood disorders. It is necessary to address and monitor depressive symptoms before they increase.Describing the symptoms, Dr Pavitra Shankar, associate consultant on psychiatry, Aakash Healthcare, explained that drastically reduced caloric intake, especially in men or individuals with elevated BMI, can lead to psychological and physical symptoms. “These include feelings of depression and increased sadness, reduced energy levels and tiredness, emotional instability and irritable behaviour, anxious thoughts and restlessness, disrupted sleep patterns, poor concentration, diminished enthusiasm for activities, and heightened food cravings or irregular eating behaviours,” said Shankar, adding that these arose due to inadequate nutrition (particularly deficiencies in B vitamins, Omega-3 fatty acids and iron), changes in hormone levels and the psychological impact of following a restrictive diet.The researchers distinguished between the genders by highlighting that both glucose and omega-3 fatty acids play vital roles in maintaining brain health. “Diets low in carbohydrates (glucose) or fats (omega-3s) may theoretically worsen brain function and exacerbate cognitive-affective symptoms, especially in men with greater nutritional needs,” they said.BMJ Nutrition Prevention & Health’s co-owner professor Sumantra Ray, who is chief scientist and executive director, NNEdPro Global Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health, said, “This study strengthens the connection between dietary habits and mental wellbeing. It raises significant questions about whether limiting diets that are deficient in brain-beneficial nutrients, such as Omega-3 fatty acids and vitamin B12, could trigger symptoms of depression.“Dr Richa Chaturvedi, senior consultant, endocrinology, Indraprastha Apollo Hospitals, emphasises that maintaining balance was essential for obese individuals following a low-calorie diet to avoid nutritional deficiencies and psychological stress. The recommended dietary approach should focus on incorporating whole, unprocessed foods, including lean proteins, whole grains, fruits, vegetables, and beneficial fats, whilst steering clear of severe calorie limitations. “Professional guidance from a registered dietitian can assist in customising calorie consumption according to personal requirements, ensuring adequate intake of vital nutrients. A steady, maintainable reduction in calories is advised over drastic restrictions to support overall physical and psychological health,” she said.Dr Sandeep Kharb, senior consultant (endocrinology), Asian Hospital, Faridabad, cautioned against adopting severe dietary restrictions whilst attempting to manage BMI or achieve weight reduction. His recommendation focuses on enhancing physical activity levels and improving the nutritional quality of meals. He emphasises that a well-rounded approach towards weight management can contribute to better mental well-being and reduce